Analysis of Finlands Government Budget

Analysis of Finlands Government BudgetAbstractA Government Budget is an administration report introducing the organizations proposed incomes and pass for a financial course of instruction that is regularly passed by the assembly, affirmed by the president and exhibited by the Finance Minister to the country. (4) The purpose of this project is to comp be the Finnish political sympathies budget from the years 2013 and 2014, analyse them and evaluate if the latest budget has managed to stabilise the national economy.KeywordsGovernment budget, GDP, inflation, private and man SectorIntroductionA government budget denominates the expectations of a governments receiptss and sp completioning in annual basis. The purpose of a government budget is to balance the national economy equilibrium. There ar three types of government budgets Balanced, surplus and deficit budget. A budget is balanced when a governments measureation and expenditure are equal. It is surplus when the expected revenues exceed expenditure, and it is deficit when the expected expenditure is bigger than the revenues.GDP, gross-domestic product, is a incision for measuring national production. It can be measured in three ways by production approach, income approach, and expenditure approach (Y = C + I + G + (X M)). However, the GDP doesnt take a stance on measuring wealth, volunteer services, or how beneficial or harmful the production is or has been to the economy, environment or nation. The gross-domestic product visualises the size of the national production and thus is a good tool for understanding, analysing, planning and controlling the economy. In this assignment, we go out be looking at GDP as a measurement tool in stabilising the national economy.Introduction of the country and its economyFinland has a passing industrialised, mixed economy with a per capita output equal to that of other westerly economies such as France, Germany, Sweden or the United Kingdom. The largest empy rean of the economy is services at 66 per centum, followed by manu positionuring and refining at 31.4 percent. Primary production is 2.9 percent.With compliance to foreign trade, the key economic sector is manufacturing. The largest industries are electronics (21.6 percent), machinery, vehicles and other engineered metal products (21.1 percent), forest industry (13.1 percent), and chemicals (10.9 percent). Finland has timber and several mineral and freshwater resources. Forestry, paper factories, and the outlandish sector (on which revenue enhancementpayers spend around 2 billion euros annually) are politically sensitive to rural residents. The capital region generates around a tierce of the GDP.Finland is highly integrated in the global economy, and international trade makes a third of the annual GDP. Exports within The European coupling make up to 60 percent of the natural trade. The largest trade flows are with Germany, Russia, Sweden, the United Kingdom, the United States , Netherlands and China. Trade policy is managed by the European Union, where Finland has traditionally been among the free trade supporters. Finland has been ranked on third place in the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) 2013-2014 and tops the sub-rankings related to program line. This has helped the economy to become the most innovative of the world (GCI). High firm fight has also led to a balanced international creditor position. (1)2.1 Private sector, income tax and unemploymentFinlands income is generated by the approximately 1.8 gazillion private sector workers, who make an average 25.1 euros per hour.The nerve income workers tax wedge is 46 % and effective marginal tax rates are very high. Value-added tax is 24% for most items. Capital gains tax is 28% and corporate tax is 26%, which is about the EU median. (1)The race ages rapidly, while labour mobility is hampered and structural unemployment high. Finlands export commercialise share is briskly deteriorating collect to falling structural demand for some of its main products and lost global (price) competitiveness. Part of the production has moved abroadThe unemployment rate was 9.50% in 2014, slight yield from 2013 (8,8 %). The employment rate is (persons aged 1564) 68.6%.2.2 Public sectorState and municipal politicians have struggled to cut their consumption, which is very high at 58 % in comparison to GDP. Much of the taxes are spent on public sector employees, many of which are jobs-for-life and amount to 550 000 state and municipal employees, which makes 10% of the whole population in Finland. (1)Finlands institutions belong to those best performing in the world. Public institutions function well and are thoroughly transparent. Moreover, government officials tend to respond adequately to risks and are often able to find multi-party consensus on difficult reforms.Budgets of 2013 and 2014Finland has been a part of Euroz oneness recession in recent years. It was estimated that the current rec ession would end in 2013 but the growth would remain slow. The reason for the low growth lies in financial and debt crisis. The work output is not growing, structural change has affected breathing production capacity and the amount of new investments is low. This chapter focuses on the details budget changes between 2013 and 2014.The Finnish GDP was 210 billion euros in 2013 referring to chart 1. In 2013, the prediction of the decrease in GDP volume is 0.5 %. The decrease in the outcome is due to decreasing investment and export rates. In budget of year 2014 the total output additiond by 1.2% by domestic consumption and export. This was mainly due to gradual recovery of the Eurozone. Real GDP growth differs and can be seen from chart 2. (3)Chart 1 GDP changes. (3)Figure 1 Changes in market prices GDP from year 2010 to estimated 2015.Chart 2. Real GDP growth. (6)Revenues and detailed budgets per sector can be seen in following figures 2 and 3.Figure 2. Revenues and expenditures of year 2013. (3)Figure 3. Revenues and expenditures of year 2014. (3)As referred to the comparison of the 2013 and 2014 budgets, there is a decrease of cc million in the budget of 2014. The government is trying to stabilise the economy by increase revenue from taxes and selling stocks. There has been a main increase in budgeting in the sectors of health and society together with foreign affairs. Budget has been decreased for most of the sectors. Notable change is that the budget for the president has been cut with more(prenominal) than 3 million. revenueesOn-budget revenue for 2014, excluding top borrowing, is estimated at around EUR 46.9 billion. Tax receipts account for around 85 % of all on-budget revenue. It was estimated that cardinal government tax revenue will increase by approximately 2.5 %. That means approximately 1.0 billion increases in tax revenue compared to 2013 budget.Corporate income tax reform was implemented in 2014 together with divided taxation to support eco nomic growth, employment and entrepreneurship. Corporate income tax was pooh-pooh 4.5% to 20%. It was estimated that the lowering of the corporate tax rate, reduces central governments imputed tax revenue by 870 million euros. By lowering the corporate income tax rate the economic growth was estimated to be boosted and as a consequence tax base will be expanded. Also it helps the Finnish production to stay in Finland rather than moving abroad for avoiding large taxes. Tax revenue loss is also compensated with removing and limiting tax subsidies. (3)Dividend taxation was amended. Earlier 70% of dividend income was treated as taxable income and after amending the figure is 85%. For non-publicly listed companies the income will be taxed in full as capital income. Changes to dividend taxation are expected to increase central government tax revenue by approximately 200 million euros.An essential part of change magnitude tax revenue consists of increase in excise duties. It was estimate d that increases in taxation of tobacco, alcoholic beverages and downlike drinks will increase tax revenue by 230 million euros. Increases in taxation of electricity and transport fuels were estimated to increase central government tax revenue by 195 million euros. In addition, tax for old electricity power plants without carbon dioxide emissions was introduced. Power plant tax aims to collect 50 million tax revenues. (3)Value-added tax rates were increased from the beginning of 2013 by one per cent. General tax rate is now 24 % but tax rate is lowered for some goods and services. For example value-added tax rate for food and restaurants is 14 % and 10 % for medicines, public transport and accommodation.Chart 3. Value added tax rates in 2014. (3) groomingAs a reserve funds measure, the college list and the focal government exchange record of the managerial extension of the Ministry of Education and Culture will be solidified for 2013. An aggregate of EUR 60 million will be allotted to diminishing class sizes in essential instruction. An aggregate of EUR 58 million will be allotted in 2013 for the repair of dampness and mould-harmed school structures and for instructive establishment foundation cost.HealthHealth insurance repayments are to be increased in 2013 to around EUR 4.9 billion. Government investment funds measures are controlled and will have a general impact of about EUR 143 million one year from now. The greatest sparing, EUR 103 million, identifies with repayments for restorative costs. Also, government consumption for health insurance pay will diminish all EUR 40 million, as the maintenance for travel costs will be raised.TransportationEUR 28 million in assignments is proposed for ecological backing to vessel ventures, as a gift for a vessel to be finished in 2013, taking into account an approval given in 2010.29. Moreover, A total of EUR 27 million will be dispensed in 2013 for the procurement of another icebreaker.Spending on significant public sectorsFigure 4 shows the spending comparison in percentages of all tax revenues on public sectors. This section will inspect the spending in detail for the most significant sectors.Figure 4. Tax euros spent comparison for years 2013 and 2014.In the education sector, student grant is tied to an index starting from 1 August 2014 and the amount of the state guarantee for study loan per month is raised by 100 euros. Study loan deduction system is proposed to be replaced by a study loan credit system which encourages more effective conclusion of studies. In the upper secondary school and polytechnic, the immigrants will have a possibility to get student financial aid starting from fall 2014.In the social and health care services however, 10 million euros will be allocated to improving support services for family care. Annually, 54.5 million euros will be allocated to effectuation of the Act on Supporting the Functional Capacity of the Older Population and on Social and Health Care Ser vices for Older Persons.In the transportations sector, 1.601 million euros will be reserved for traffic route investments and 767 million euros is reserved for daily maintenance of the traffic routes.FinancesGeneral government in Finland consists of central government, local government, employee pension funds and other social funds. The decrease of total output in recent years will affect the general government financial standing in the next years and so the general government will continue to show deficit. Central and local government show clear deficit, employee pension sector surplus and other social security funds are in balance.The Budget for 2014 shows a deficit of 7.1 billion euros. In marchess of national accounts, the central government deficit is expected to be around 3.6 per cent of GDP in 2014. The budgeted estimate for central government debt at year-end 2014 is close to 100 billion euros. In 2013 budget deficit was 7.0 billion which was about 2.8 per cent of GDP in th at year. Central government debt at year-end 2013 was 96 billion euros.The Government aims to balance central government finances and to bring the government debt-to-GDP ratio into a down disco biscuit by the end of the parliamentary term. In order to achieve the goals, the Government has decided on measures decreasing expenditure and increasing revenue. The measures will be implemented gradually by 2015 and they will improve the central governments financial standing by approximately 4.8 billion euros starting from 2017.The measures include lowering corporate income tax rate, reform of divided income taxation, local government reform, social and health care service structure reform and housing policy reform. The measures also include increasing young peoples access to education and employment as well as employment of people with partial capability for working. The Government will assess the achievement of objectives annually. If central government debt relative to total output does not take a downturn, the Government has to commit further measures.European UnionFinland is expected to contribute an estimated 1.974 million euros to the EU budget and the European Development Fund in 2014. Finlands contributions will be 5 million euros lower than contributions in the 2013 Budget. Finland is expected to receive 912 million euros from the EU budget in 2014, which is 306 million euros less than receipts in the 2013 budget.The income decrease is primarily due to the fact that the payments for rural development in 2014 are expected to be delayed during the first programme year. The income payments will be balanced out in advent yearsThe economic sanctions the European Union has set on Russia due to the conflict between Ukraine and Russia, the results of the slight collapse of the Russian economy is affecting the Finnish economy both directly and indirectly. Similar situation was seen during the collapse of Soviet Union in 1991, when the Finnish economy was even more dependant of its easterly neighbour. lumpChart 3. Shows the inflation rate (6)In 2014 total exports remained at the same level as the year before, while imports decreased by one per cent. According to the preliminary statistics the value of exports was 55.8 billion euros and the value of imports 57.6 billion euros. (1)Binding expenditure ceilings set at the beginning of each administrations four-year term prevent the government from running large deficits. Government debt is comparatively low, borrowing is based on long-term bonds, bond yields are very low and net public assets are very large. Despite the depression in the western countries, there has been a positive trend in growing consumer confidence during 2014. Inflation rates continued its dropping trend, as on 2013 it was 2.2 % and 2014 1.7 %. Still, wages and salaries grew by 1.3 % the same year. (4)4. ConclusionThe economic outlook for 2014 was weak. Furthermore, Finland had to deal with declining export sectors, a relative ly fast ageing population, and private sector indebtedness. However, in overall, Finlands public finances and banking system are solid, institutions are strong, and the business sectors are competitive. Finlands strengths are competitive business sector and highly educated workforce, healthy public finances, strong institutions and qualified government officials. The dangerous weaknesses come from the ageing, rigid labour market and waning export sectors.For the first time in three years, the GDP increased on 2014. It can be said that there has been a turn for better in planning and controlling the economy via the government budget.