Comparison of Working and Non-Working Mother Adolescents

Comparison of Working and Non-Working M other(a) Adolescents parity Among depressive disorder, retirement and Self-efficacy of Adolescents of Working and Non-Working MotherSadia AfrinSummaryThe main purpose of this analyse was to investigate the relation among belief, aloneness and self-efficacy of adolescents of running(a) and non- operative mothers whether mothers concern has any effects on adolescents depression, bleakness and self-efficacy. assess whether depression, aloneness and self-efficacy of adolescents differ by gender or not. The participants of the relevant field of battle pass on be 100 adolescents of works mothers where 50 ordain male person and 50 go forth female and 100 adolescents of non-working mothers where 50 will male and 50 will female mingled with the age group of 15 to 18 years selected purposively by convenience sampling technique. To watch the info I will use Bangla Version (Pervin, 2007) of the Revised UCLA Loneliness out(p)per make (R ussell, Dan, 1978), The Depression ordered series (Rahman Uddin, 2005), and adopted Bengali Version (Ilyas, 2005) of Sherers (1982) familiar Self-Efficacy Scale. Descriptive and correlation statistical techniques will be employed to tie the quantitative data. Successful completion of the project will add a worthy picture of risk factors of adolescents.IntroductionAdolescence comes from Latin word adolescere which mean to grow up. It is a tran tantaliseional stage of physical and psychological homophile development that generally occurs during the period from puberty to legal adulthood. We all type disparate emotion, feeling in all over in our life. Depression is an emotional state marked by great sadness and apprehension, feelings of ineptitude and guilt, loss of interest and pleasure in usual activities. So it is a state of pocket-sizedmoodand a rendition to activity that groundwork impress a persons thoughts, behavior, feelings andsense of well being. According to the National Comorbidity Survey-Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A), around 11% of adolescents have a depressive disorder by age 18. Girls be experiencing depression more likely than boys. Depression in adolescents is probably under diagnosed because the symptoms ass be difficult to recognize. Loneliness is an unpleasant jazz that occurs when a network of complaisant alliances of a person is significantly deficient whether qualitatively or quantitatively. This definition consists two points of correspondence. First, loneliness comes from a deficiency in a persons social relationships. It happens when there is a mismatch between a persons actual social relations and the persons needs or desires for social contact. Second, loneliness is not synonymous with social isolation it is persons subjective experience. So it can be said that, Lonelinessis unpleasant and unexpectedemotionalresponse to isolation or separation or insufficiency of companionship. Although loneliness comes time to time of all age but during adolescence (particularly early adolescence) it is stayed in peak because of many changes in social expectations, roles, relationships, and identities, which whitethorn increase the experience of loneliness. Self-efficacy ones perceived capabilities for learning and performing actions at designated trains. It is the position or strength of ones belief in ones own efficiency to goal tasks and reach aims. According to Albert Bandura, self-efficacy is the belief in ones capabilities to rig out and execute the courses of action required to manage prospective situations. In other words, self-efficacy is a persons belief in his or her ability to succeed in a particular situation. Many researchers ar numerate academic competence as self efficacy which begins to decline in grade 7 or earlier.Research in where using seven-day depression scales such as the Beck Depression Inventory in any case get hold a strong relationship between loneliness and depressio n. The consistent familiarity of loneliness and depression Bragg (1979) proposed a distinction between depress loneliness and non-depressed loneliness. In a withdraw of college students, Bragg found that depressed loneliness was associated with clean global negativity, seen in dissatisfaction with social relations, civilize, work, and many facets of life. In contrast, non-depressed sole(a) mess expressed dissatisfaction only with their social relations they were not necessarily uncheerful about other aspects of their lives. Cognitive processes may overly influence the loneliness-depression link. alone(predicate) batch who blame themselves for their social problems and who attribute their loneliness to unchangeable factors may be most prone to depression. Self-efficacy makes a difference to as how people feel, think, and act. High self-efficacy al emits individuals to choose challenging settings and explore their environment or compel new ones. While Bandura (1997) report ed that a pitiful self-efficacy is associated with a low self-esteem, Heslin and Klehe (2006) noted that self-efficacy is related to the experience of stress and work burnout. Specifically, low self-efficacy can lead to a sense of helplessness and hopelessness about ones energy of self-esteem. Dussault and Deaudelin (2001) found a negative correlation between self-efficacy and loneliness (r = .25). This determination suggests that loneliness is more likely exists in people who have put down self-efficacy.Every moment mothers atomic number 18 working for nestlingren, in this study working mother indicating them who are attached with job, business almost five years at this time and non-working means mothers who are only housewives. According to Raymond Montemayor scribble D. Clayton (1967), maternal employment might be more likely to military issue in problems for adolescents when it takes place in the context of family instability, undesirable peer influences and lack of ma ternal supervision. Lakhe (2003) completed a study which has the aim to see the social adjustment of the adolescents of working and non-working mothers. The result was found that adolescents conglomeration level of adjustments of working mother is higher than non-working mother. Suprerna Khanna studied on relationship between emotional intelligence and social maturity of adolescent children of working and non-working mothers. This study also found significant social maturity in adolescent children of working mothers than non-working mothers.Rationale of the studyIn Bangladesh, there are almost 27.7million adolescents. Among them, a significant military issues are beating different mental health problems like anxiety, depression, stress, loneliness, low self-efficacy etc. In antecedent study we saw that adolescents whose mothers work in outside will suffer more mental health problems such as depression, loneliness and low self-efficacy than the adolescents whose mother stay in h ome. The rationale of the study is that, at branch we measure whether the adolescents of working women and non-working women differ in the level of depression, loneliness and self-efficacy. If there found any differences then we say that there may run some risk factors towards the differences in depression, loneliness and self-efficacy regarding their working status (working women, non-working women).The findings of the proposed study might help the improvement of adolescents life. Adolescents loneliness and self-efficacy are correlated with depression. If their loneliness is high or low then their depression will be high or low. And it also hypothesized that high-low self-efficacy is also correlated with low-high depression. If these correlations are founded the further extensive study on those areas will lead to explore risk factors and positive factors. Statistics shows that 30 percentage of teens with depression also develop a substance abuse problem, lonely teens struggle wi th relationships and more dangerous thing is untreated depression is the number one cause of suicide, so if we can assume that adolescent child of working mother has these risk factors we can prevent these factors and also working mothers can concerns about their children and they can make different environment where child can not feel lonely, do not be depressed and make high self efficacy.Objectives of the studyThe objectives of the establish study are toInvestigate the relationship among depression, loneliness and self-efficacy of adolescents of working and non-working mothers.Whether mothers tune has any effects on adolescents depression, loneliness and self-efficacy. evaluate whether depression, loneliness and self-efficacy of adolescents differ by gender.MethodResearch Design chase after sectional study. Quantitative research, Random individual interview.Sample Size and Participants closely 50 thousands of adolescents of Dhaka City are population in this study. The present s tudy will be conducted on 200 adolescents where 100 will be working mothers adolescents and 100 will be non-working mothers adolescents who will be selected purposively but some will be selected conveniently and randomly. First I will select the school or college conveniently where I can store data comfortably and then select a class randomly, I select the students purposively (criteria mothers occupation, gender). A total of 200 adolescents (male and female) will be interpreted from Rajuk Uttara Model College by convenience sampling technique. The age of the respondents was between 15 to 18 years. Distributions of participants are given in the table 1.Table 1Distribution of participantsAdolescents (Working Mother) Adolescents (Non-Working Mother)Male 50 50Female 50 50Total 100 100 = 200InstrumentsDemographic and personal culture questionnaireBy this questionnaire, the data on age, gender, educational background, no. of siblings, family status, fathers occupation, and mothers occ upations details (job/business, duration, place), mothers age, mothers educational background will be collected.Bangla Version (Pervin, 2007) of the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale (Russell, Dan, 1978) The revised UCLA Loneliness Scale was developed to measure loneliness. It is a 20 items 4 point Likert type scale. 20 items of English version were translated into Bengali. Each of the 20 items is bump offd such that 1 indicates lack of loneliness and a 4 indicates high level of loneliness. Thus, total scores of the scale can range from 20 to 80. Higher score means high level of loneliness and lower score means low feelings of loneliness.The Depression Scale (Rahman Uddin, 2005)The depression scale was constructed to measure depression in the context of Bangladesh. It consisted of 30 items or statements. The answer options for each item of the scale were according to 5 point rating scale. Sum of all values indicated total score on the scale. The highest possible score of 30-items for m of depression scale is cl and the lowest possible score is 30. Higher score indicates higher depression and lower score indicates low level of depression.Adapted Bangla Version (Ilyas, 2005) of Sherer et. al.s (1982) General Self-Efficacy ScaleThis scale was used to measure degree of agreement with perceived personal ability to adjoin outcomes in various situations. It was a 17 items 5 point Likert type scale where scores ranged between 1(strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). 6 of the 17 items were negative and for these items the scoring was reversed. Total score in the scale ranged from 17-85 with higher score representing higher self-efficacy.Procedure prerequisite demographic information sheet will be prepared introductory the standard data collection procedure will be followed with a view to obtaining data about depression, loneliness and self-efficacy of adolescents of working and non-working mothers. First, the participants will sit in a room and then a brief expositi on will be given about the questionnaire. They will be also instructed not to discuss about anything with one another while respondent the questions and they will be assured that their opinions would be kept as confidential. The questionnaire with bio-data form was administered individually and they will ask to answer all the questions by openhanded tick marks. Once the answers will be collected, the respondents will be thanked for their mixed bag co-operation. I will code and analyze the collected data by using computer software SPSS version 16.0 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). moralsAbsence of the Ethical Committee I will not be able to collect Ethical Approval, but I will collect the permission of the Principle and Authority of the collage. I will also collect the consent of the students verbally.Data AnalysesA descriptive summary will be conducted of the variables such as gender, age, mothers occupation. Then t-test epitome will be carried out to find out the differences between male and female adolescents. After that I will apply correlation statistics to find out the relationship among depression, loneliness and self-efficacy. Then a multiple regression analysis will be carried out to see how much depression, loneliness affect self-efficacy.Time FrameAnnex 1Objective-Data Collection Method analysis